Swirling Colors :: Essays Papers

Whirling Colors Mental examination has demonstrated various hues to stir or represent various feelings or perspectives. In a shading response test, the warm hues, most fundamentally red, yet in addition yellows and oranges, were found to speak to a functioning perspective. The cooler hues, most essentially blue and green, and furthermore purple, were progressively detached and quieting. â€Å"warmth means contact with the earth, coolness connoting withdrawal into oneself.† (Sasaki) Red explicitly can likewise represent hostility, cautioning, or peril, or cause an upset condition of feeling. In like manner, green can represent latency, or wellbeing. Blue can imply blame, and violet or purple a feeling of smoothness and conciliation. The most contradicting of these two are red and green, hues complimentary to one another because of their opposite situations on the shading wheel. In Hitchcock’s Vertigo, every one of these hues assume a job in character advancement, differentiation, and im agery, each character having a shading with which they are related, with a striking accentuation on the difference among red and green, and a later ubiquity of blue. Midge, one of the primary characters seen after the initial pursue scene, is related with yellows and oranges, the hues wherein her condo is improved, and furthermore wearing red glasses. This means Midge is in contact with her condition, as indicated by Sasaki. The following scene is in Elster’s office, with tones of red and ruddy tones. This is a fitting shading for the portrayal of Elster, who, however once in a while observed, is the one individual in any situation of genuine control in the film, however once his story is played out, he vanishes altogether. The main prologue to the character of Madeline, paying little heed to her actual personality, is her in a green dress stood out from the amble red extravagant dividers of the café. Whenever she is seen is getting into her vehicle, properly green, finishing for the watcher the relationship of this shading with that character. All through the film she is among green things, for example, the green box in the bloom shop she enters. She even notices that she cherishes the green of the trees, unexpectedly in the Redwoods, another striking difference of the two hues, however just verbal. The shading plays into the puzzle and fraud of the story more to trick the peruser just as Scottie as this is a shading meaning resignation.

Doris Lessing - Novelist, Memoirist, Essayist

Doris Lessing - Novelist, Memoirist, Essayist Doris Lessing Facts: Known for: Doris Lessing has composed numerous books, short stories, and articles, most about contemporary life, frequently highlighting social shameful acts. Her 1962 The Golden Notebook turned into a famous novel for the women's activist development for its cognizance raising topic. Her movements to numerous spots in the British range of prominence have impacted her writings.Occupation: author short stories, books, expositions, science fictionDates: October 22, 1919 -  November 17, 2013Also known as: Doris May Lessing, Jane Somers, Doris Taylor Doris Lessing Biography: Doris Lessing was conceived in Persia (presently Iran), when her dad worked for a bank. In 1924, the family moved to Southern Rhodesia (presently Zimbabwe), where she grew up, as her dad attempted to get by as a rancher. In spite of the fact that she was urged to head off to college, Doris Lessing dropped out of school at age 14, and took administrative and different employments in Salisbury, South Rhodesia, until her marriage in 1939 to a government worker. At the point when she separated in 1943, her youngsters remained with their dad. Her subsequent spouse was a Communist, whom Doris Lessing met when she additionally turned into a Communist, joining what she saw as a more unadulterated type of Communism than she found in the Communist gatherings in different pieces of the world. (Lessing dismissed Communism after the Soviet intrusion of Hungary in 1956.) She and her subsequent spouse separated in 1949, and he emigrated to East Germany. Afterward, he was the East German minister to Uganda and was slaughtered when Ugandans rebelled against Idi Amin. During her long stretches of activism and wedded life, Doris Lessing started composing. In 1949, after two bombed relationships, Lessing moved to London; her sibling, first spouse, and two kids from her first marriage stayed in Africa. In 1950, Lessings first novel was distributed: The Grass Is Singing, which managed issues of politically-sanctioned racial segregation and interracial connections in a pilgrim society. She proceeded with her semi-self-portraying works in three Children of Violence books, with Martha Quest as the principle character, distributed in 1952-1958. Lessing visited her African country again in 1956, however was then pronounced a denied outsider for political reasons and prohibited from returning once more. After the nation became Zimbabwe in 1980, free of British and white guideline, Doris Lessing returned, first in 1982. She composed of her visits in African Laughter: Four Visits to Zimbabwe, distributed in 1992. Having dismissed socialism in 1956, Lessing got dynamic in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. During the 1960s, she got doubtful of dynamic developments and increasingly inspired by Sufism and nonlinear reasoning. In 1962, Doris Lessings most generally read novel, The Golden Notebook, was distributed. This epic, in four areas, investigated parts of the relationship of a free lady to herself and to people, in a period of rethinking sexual and political standards. While the book enlivened and fit in with expanding enthusiasm for cognizance raising, Lessing has been to some degree anxious with its relationship with women's liberation. Starting in 1979, Doris Lessing distributed a progression of sci-fi books, and during the 80s distributed a few books under the nom de plume Jane Somers. Strategically, during the 1980s she upheld the counter Soviet mujahideen in Afghanistan. She additionally got intrigued by issues natural endurance and came back to African topics. Her 1986 The Good Terrorist is a comedic anecdote about a framework of left-wing activists in London. Her 1988 The Fifth Child manages change and family life during the 1960s through 1980s. Lessings later work keeps on managing people groups lives in manners that feature testing social issues, however shes denied that her composing is political. In 2007, Doris Lessing was granted the Nobel Prize for Literature. Foundation, Family: Father: Alfred Cook Taylor, farmerMother: Meily Maude McVeagh Marriage, Children: husbands:Frank Charles Wisdom (wedded 1939, broke up 1943)Gottfried Anton Nicholas Lessing (wedded 1945, disintegrated 1949)children:first marriage: John, Jeansecond marriage: Peteradopted casually: Jenny Diski (author) Chosen Doris Lessing Quotations  The Golden Notebookâ for some explanation amazed individuals however it was close to you would hear ladies state in their kitchens consistently in any nation. That is the thing that learning is. You out of nowhere comprehend something youve saw for your entire life, however in another way. A few people acquire distinction, others merit it. Think wrongly, you don't mind, yet in all cases have an independent mind. Any human anyplace will bloom in a hundred unforeseen gifts and limits just by being allowed the chance to do as such. There is just a single genuine sin and that is to convince oneself that the second-best is definitely not second best. Whats extremely horrible is to imagine that the below average is the principal rate. To imagine that you dont need love when you do, or you like your work when you know very well youre able to do better. You just figure out how to be a superior author by really composing. I dont think a lot about exploratory writing programs. In any case, theyre not coming clean in the event that they dont instruct, one, that composing is difficult work, and, two, that you need to surrender a lot of life, your own life, to be an author. The present distributing scene is amazingly useful for the large, well known books. They sell them splendidly, advertise them what not. It isn't useful for the little books. Trust no companion without issues, and love a lady, yet no heavenly attendant. Chuckling is by definition sound. This world is controlled by individuals who realize how to get things done. They know how things work. They are prepared. Up there, theres a layer of individuals who run everything. Be that as it may, we were simply workers. We dont comprehend whats going on, and we cannot do anything. It is the characteristic of incredible individuals to regard fools as wastes of time and significant issues as significant It is horrendous to decimate a people image of himself in light of a legitimate concern for truth or some other reflection. What is a saint without adoration for humanity? Inâ universityâ they dont disclose to you that most of the law is figuring out how to endure fools. With a library you are free, not limited by impermanent political atmospheres. It is the most vote based of organizations in light of the fact that nobody - however nobody by any stretch of the imagination - can mention to you what to peruse and when and how. Garbage, it was all drivel: this entire condemned outfit, with its advisory groups, its gatherings, its endless talk, talk, talk, was an extraordinary con stunt; it was an instrument to gain two or three hundred people mind boggling aggregates of cash. Every single political development resemble this we are morally justified, every other person is off base. The individuals on our own side who can't help contradicting us are blasphemers, and they begin turning out to be foes. With it comes a flat out conviction of your own ethical predominance. Theresâ oversimplificationâ inâ everything,â and a fear of adaptability. Political rightness is the characteristic continuum from the partisan loyalty. What we are seeing by and by is a self-delegated gathering of vigilantes forcing their perspectives on others. It is a legacy of socialism, yet they dont appear to see this. It was OK, us being Reds during theâ war,â because we were all on a similar side. In any case, at that point the Cold War began. For what reason were the Europeans made a fuss over the Soviet Union by any stretch of the imagination? It was nothing to do with us. China had nothing to do with us. For what reason would we say we were not working, without reference to the Soviet Union, a great society in our own nations? Be that as it may, no, we were across the board way or another fixated on the grisly Soviet Union, which was a fiasco. What individuals were supporting was disappointment. What's more, ceaselessly advocating it. All mental stability relies upon this: that it ought to be a joy to feel heat strike the skin, a joy to stand upstanding, realizing the bones are moving effectively under the substance. I have seen it as evident that the more established Ive become the better my life has become. The extraordinary mystery that every single elderly folks individuals share is that you truly havent changed in seventy or eighty years. Your body changes, however you dont change by any stretch of the imagination. What's more, that, obviously, creates incredible turmoil. And afterward, not anticipating it, you become moderately aged and mysterious. Nobody sees you. You accomplish a superb opportunity. For the last third of life there stays just work. Only it is continually invigorating, reviving, energizing and fulfilling. Bed is the best spot for perusing, thinking, or sitting idle. Getting isn't far superior to asking; similarly as loaning with intrigue isn't obviously superior to taking. I was raised on the ranch in the hedge, which was the best thing that occurred, it was only a superb youth. None of you [men] request anything with the exception of everything, except only for such a long time as you need it. A lady without a man can't meet a man, any man, without intuition, regardless of whether its for a half second, maybe this isâ theâ man.

16, at 628PM ET

MIT EA Decisions To Be Posted Thursday, 12/15/16, at 628PM ET Ive stopped watching this sneezing puppylong enough to tell you, as the title says,we will be releasing Early Action decisions online next Thursday, 12/15/16, at Tau Time (i.e. 6:28PM ET). To check your decision on the 15th, visit decisions.mit.edu and log in with your MyMIT username and password. In order to verify that you will receive a decision on the 15th, you should visit decisions.mit.eduand log in with your MyMIT username and password. I recommend you do this now to make sure everything works for you. Strange things happen to people who dont verify they will receive their decision! It doesnt matter how many times you click that refresh button, it wont make the decisions happen any faster If youve forgotten your MyMIT password, you may use our automated system to reset it. Simply visit MyMIT and click on the lost password link. There is a similar link for forgotten usernames. If youre having trouble using our automated username/password recovery process, please email mymitpassword [at] mit [dot] eduwith your full name and mailing address. But please, be nice to our office, and dont email that address unless youve tried everything else! Admissions decisions will be available exclusively online. Decisions will not be released via email, snail mail, carrier pigeon, carrier dragon, or intergalactic radio broadcast. However, following the release of admissions decisions, we will be mailing admitted students additional, cylindrical information. Until then try not to worry too much! Follow @tinycarebot on Twitter. Everything is fine. Post Tagged #Early Action

16, at 628PM ET

MIT EA Decisions To Be Posted Thursday, 12/15/16, at 628PM ET Ive stopped watching this sneezing puppylong enough to tell you, as the title says,we will be releasing Early Action decisions online next Thursday, 12/15/16, at Tau Time (i.e. 6:28PM ET). To check your decision on the 15th, visit decisions.mit.edu and log in with your MyMIT username and password. In order to verify that you will receive a decision on the 15th, you should visit decisions.mit.eduand log in with your MyMIT username and password. I recommend you do this now to make sure everything works for you. Strange things happen to people who dont verify they will receive their decision! It doesnt matter how many times you click that refresh button, it wont make the decisions happen any faster If youve forgotten your MyMIT password, you may use our automated system to reset it. Simply visit MyMIT and click on the lost password link. There is a similar link for forgotten usernames. If youre having trouble using our automated username/password recovery process, please email mymitpassword [at] mit [dot] eduwith your full name and mailing address. But please, be nice to our office, and dont email that address unless youve tried everything else! Admissions decisions will be available exclusively online. Decisions will not be released via email, snail mail, carrier pigeon, carrier dragon, or intergalactic radio broadcast. However, following the release of admissions decisions, we will be mailing admitted students additional, cylindrical information. Until then try not to worry too much! Follow @tinycarebot on Twitter. Everything is fine. Post Tagged #Early Action

Essay The Addictive Nature of the Internet - 3581 Words

The Addictive Nature of the Internet The purpose of this paper is to show the many different ways that people can become addicted to the web (Internet) and to try to explain why. The various aspects of the web, such as the wide range of information, the advanced technology, and alternate ways of communication have contributed to its addictive nature. People of all ages and backgrounds have become so absorbed in using the web, either through work or play, that they have, in effect, become addicted to using it. Some common types of sites which people just cannot seem to stay away from include chat rooms, dating services, sex, pornography, shopping, and sports. The prevalence of Internet use and the growing realization that it†¦show more content†¦Kimberly Young of the University of Pittsburgh who founded the Center for Online Addiction and is conducting online addiction research. Dr. Ivan Goldberg, a moderator of the Internet Addiction Support Group mailing list, employs a list of IAD Diagnostic Criteria, which can be found at the end of this paper. Common Warning Signs of IAD (abbreviated): 1. Compulsively checking your e-mail. 2. Always anticipating your next Internet session 3. Others complaining that youre spending too much time online. 4. Others complaining that youre spending too much money online. (Results of Internet Behaviour Questionnaire) IAD, unlike alcoholism (which is a recognized medical addiction) is like pathological gambling, an out-of- control behavior that threatens to overwhelm the addicts normal life. (Results of Internet Behaviour Questionnaire) By simply being aware of the above warning signs of IAD, a person can reduce the risk of becoming addicted to using the web. The warning signs and symptoms below should be used as guidelines to determine if a true problem exists. Below are some more general and easy to understand Symptoms of Internet Addiction: 1.- Using the online services everyday without any skipping. 2.- Losing track of time after making a connection. 3.- Goes out less and less. 4.- Spending less and less time on meals at home or at work, and eats in front of the monitor. 5.-Show MoreRelatedIntroduction to Internet Addiction978 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Internet Addiction Ten years ago, the only people who spent a majority of their leisure time on the computer were paid members of the technology industry. Today, however, surfing the Web has become a pastime as social and marketable as bar hopping or going to the movies. As the web has become a part of mainstream life, some mental health professionals have noted that a percentage of people using the web do so in a compulsive and out-of-control manner. In one extreme (1997)  CincinnatiRead MoreEffects Of Social Networking On College Grades1069 Words   |  5 Pagesaddicted to. Some people can be addicted to gambling or exercising. Others can be addicted to social networking. The pros of social networking and the entertainment value is outweighed by the cons. Social networking is fun but it can be harmful and addictive. People have always needed to communicate. Texting, face time, social networking are new convenient ways to communicate. These new forms of communication are not perfect and can have ba d effects on the user. Social networking is a distraction thatRead MoreAddiction To Social Media Addiction736 Words   |  3 Pagesto be addictive, but like the drug LSD, the effects vary from person to person; adolescents and persons with narcissistic traits are the most commonly affected, while depression is the biggest identifier it is also being the most common side effect. While social media has become the prominent communication medium of the day, as a society we have commonly avoided the fact that social media is as addictive as any substance in existence. Even though it is now know that social media is addictive, provenRead MoreThe Documentary, Digital Nation, Directed By Rachel Dretzin1130 Words   |  5 Pagesgaming and the internet. Rushkoff remarks that these kids â€Å"Causalities of the digital revolution,† as he visits rehabilitation camps and clinics for children that specialize in re-connecting such kids with the outside world and the simple life. The documentary praises the rehab center, playing more â€Å"happy† music during the footage of the children working together, and almost exclusively captures the kids smiling when they are building a tent as a camp activity. Then, the internet cafà ©s are shownRead MoreQuitting Addictive Smoking : Smoking1713 Words   |  7 PagesQuitting Addictive Smoking Tobacco is causing one death in every six seconds and will reach to eight million deaths annually in the world, by 2030 (albawaba). That was the fact that my doctor stated to me when I visited him to get the thorough checkup because I was having trouble in breathing and trouble in sleeping. I got shocked by listening to this fact, but I could not relate that fact to my life until the doctor told me that these health issues of mine are the result of my addictive smokingRead MoreEtiology, Predispositions, And Vulnerabilities1738 Words   |  7 Pagesculture, socio-economic standing and acceptance of the Internet from others). Whilst these factors are dependant on the individual, some studies include the nature and attributes of the Internet itself. Some models include the cognitive-behavioural model of problematic Internet use, the access, affordability and anonymity engine, the anonymity, convenience and escape model and the comprehensive model of the development and maintenance of I nternet addiction. Biological Factors Addictions are knownRead MoreSocial Media Speech1134 Words   |  5 Pageslosing your phone is worse than losing your virginity. We live in a generation where it has become common to send inappropriate pictures to people who we have just met. We live in a generation where we are so dependent on technology that it is as addictive as a drug. Fellow students, let me ask you all this question, would you want to see our future generation, our future leaders, and our future role models acting like this? What is this world coming to?! In order to prevent this, I firmly believeRead MoreAddiction to Heroin704 Words   |  3 PagesHeroin and its subsequent misuse has been a contentious issue plaguing society for decades. With the advent of the internet, it is becoming more difficult to curtail many of the illegal activities individuals engage in regards to drug use. Heroin in particular is very pervasive in the United States as it is a drug that is highly addictive. In America, drugs are becoming a very serious issue as immigrants enter into the country illegally carrying the drug with them. Heroin, although mainly cre atedRead MoreThe Effects Of Gambling Addiction On The Brain1682 Words   |  7 Pagesbehaviours or substances activate the reward centre resulting in addiction. It has been agreed that, much similar to gambling addiction, Internet addiction functions through a variable ratio reinforcement schedule (Young, 2011). However, it is also is theorised that those who use the Internet or other similar technologies experience various rewards that are unpredictable in nature, depending on the application they are using (such as: video games, emails, social media, pornography, message boards and texting)Read MoreThe Effects Of Sex Addiction On The Failure Of The Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental962 Words   |  4 PagesThe authors of this article have chosen to do research on the topic of sex addiction in response to the failure of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder- V to properly distinguish internet addictive disorder and hypersexual disorders. Furthermore, t hey believe that clinicians who specialize in addiction and sexual disorders to be inadequately prepared for cybersexual addictions and sexual compulsivity. By presenting a historical perspective and literature review that demands attention

The Criminal Justice System - 1860 Words

In the text, Karmen (2015) discusses the many ways that the criminal justice system does not always act to support crime victims. The following news stories help to illustrate how, at every phase of the criminal justice process, victims may be further victimized. Part One: Law Making Process As an example of the legal process causing further victimization, I selected the New York case of a young boy who is being forced to testify in court against the man who sexually assaulted him (Beam, 2015). The boy, who was only 11 years old when the assault occurred, now must face his accuser in court and testify about the humiliating sexual abuse he incurred. This appears to be a case where the victim has not only suffered through the crime itself, but also â€Å"has ‘gone through hell’ ever since coming forward with the allegations† (Beam, 2015); being faced to testify in open court will only compound the trauma the boy has suffered. This is a clear example of the law-making process forcing a victim to relive a traumatic incident for the benefit of the accused perpetrator. The text discusses that some laws designed to protect criminal defendants, like the right to confront an accuser, cause the victims to be forced into unenviable situations (Karmen, 2015). Here, in this case, the victim will be made to be face-to-face with the man who sexually violated him and will be forced to relive that assault through testimony. Part Two: Police Enforcement and Investigation PoliceShow MoreRelatedJustice Systems And The Criminal Justice System Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe criminal justice system is a complex and often uncoordinated system that operates by enforcing the law and seeking justice across countless jurisdictions. It is comprised of many separate agencies including agencies at the federal, state, and local level. Each agency has its own function and goals while operating at different levels of government. The agencies also represent different concerns and values of the public, creating a fragmented system rather than a monolithic, unified system. A monolithicRead MoreCriminal Justice System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Criminal Justice System is to reduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is using different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal re sponsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police and how they actually fit with the objectives of the Criminal Justice System as aRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system refers to the way in which a society chooses to handle all aspects of crime and punishment. In the Western world, particularly the United States, the criminal justice system is an official governmental system that focuses on crime and punishment, though some societies still incorporate a significant amount of informal social controls into their criminal justice systems. The criminal justice system covers everything from crime-prevention andRead MoreThe On The Criminal Justice System984 Words   |  4 PagesGarland (2001), view on â€Å"the criminal justice system in America was created to keep communities safe, to respect and restore victims, and to return offenders who leave prison to be self-sufficient and law-abiding. Treatment simply did not work either by therapy or broader social programs and became is a monumental failure that our states and nation can no longer afford† (p.61) Garland (2001) stated â€Å"that the collapse of faith in our correction system began a wave of demoralization that underminedRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe criminal justice system has for long been faced by a lot of caseloads, an issue which has been heaping a lot of pressure on the stakeholders.  Ã‚  The cause of increased workload is lack of adequate resources to deal with the caseload. Some people have argued that the only way to deal with the overloads is to provide more money to the criminal justice systems so that everyone involved will be able to do the required tasks and in so doing reduce the number of cases while scholars think that the onlyRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System720 Words   |  3 Pages Victims usually adopt a subsidiary role in the courts, compared to the accused or offender (Booth, 2016). Victim-focused law reforms are open to many jurisdictions throughout Australia, and majority of systems which follow the adversarial nature of proceedings (Garkawe, 2007). The justice system aims to enforce a therapeutic structure, however, in some instances this fails to be upheld for the victim. In a sentencing hearing, an offender’s mitigating factors may reduce their sentence, thereforeRead MoreCriminal Justice System1308 Words   |  6 PagesNorways criminal justice system is doing something right. The few citizens that go to prison usually only go once. How does Norway achieve this? The country relies on a method called restorative justice, which aims to repair the harm caused by crime rather than punish people. This system is purely focused on rehabilitating prisoners. The United States, on the other hand, places focus on incarceration and incapacitation. This is w here the methodologies clash: should the criminal justice system be responsibleRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the criminal justice system is explained by three definitions: Control crime, Prevent crime, and provide and maintain justice. This sense of criminal justice has been the same since pre-civilized communities, where the elders of a tribe enforced the laws of the village. The criminal justice system has changed drastically from the times of kinship systems to today’s system of laws. As time has passed criminal justice has change in many ways, for example: the way they dress, arrest,Read MoreThe Criminal Justice System1454 Words   |  6 Pages Our Criminal Justice System is far from perfect but it has fulfilled its design by becoming a living system so to speak. Our system is predicated upon discretion from start to finish whereas the first step in the process lies with the contacting officer. Once lawful presence has been established and probable cause for contact can be clearly articulated, the decision to make that contact rests solely with that officer. Of course, each department utilizes a form of controlled discretion, ensuringRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1305 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout this course, I have learned about the many segments of the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system is made up of three main elements which process a case from initiation, through trial, to punishment. First a case starts with law enforcement officials, who investigate crime and gather evidence to identify and use against the assumed suspect. The case then proceeds to the court system, which evaluates the evid ence to decide if the defendant is guilty or innocent. If the defendant

Speech In Favor Capital Punishment - 1282 Words

Speech In Favour Of Capital Punishment Capital Punishment is the lawful infliction of death and has been used in Britain since the 5the century. It was not until 1964 that capital punishment was abolished and this has been described by many historians as Britains worst decision in over 500 years. Along with these Historians, I also believe that our country was much better off with the death penalty as a punishment for sick and twisted people, murderers, rapists and peadophiles. Did you know for instance that in 2003 there were 1048 murders and 172 attributed to one man. . . Harold Shipman. Compare this to 1963 when the death penalty was used as an active deterant to murder, how many? 300. Three hundred murders compared to†¦show more content†¦I hate to bore you with the statistics again but it is true that the threat of a hard punishment is enough to scare without having to carry it out. In the Isle of Man, there was a punishment up until 1975 called birching, a public beating for any crime. The crime rate in the isle of man for 17 years in a row? Less than 2%. A few minor crimes in 17 years. Birching was abolished and now the crime rate in the Isle of Man is sky high, just like the rest of the UK. Proof that if the punishment is severe enough, there wont be a cri me to start with. So will Britain ever restore capital punishment? In a survey of 2000 UK residents 72% would like it re instated. Despite what the government tells us we live in a society of ever rising serious crime and wether we like it or not, something needs to be done. And harder sentencing is not enough. We need a real deterrent, Capital Punishment is the answer to our prayers. Hanging was my familys business for over 14 years and we were honored to protect our country and perhaps in advertantly save lives. I know for a fact that if hanging was re- instated as the quick and painless punishment to kill, i would gladly pull the lever. I am as sure as I can be that capital punishment is the answer. The mandatory life sentence is just not enough. It fails, in my view to distinguish between really awful crimes and those crimes, whilst still murder, are more understandable. Ask yourself, is it right that a serial rapistShow MoreRelatedCompartive Legal Systems Canada vs Usa1691 Words   |  7 PagesDominance over United States Penal System Name: Shenthuran Vijayananthan Teacher: Mrs. Merenda Due Date: Wed. Oct. 26, 2005 Topic: #1 Ââ€" Comparative Legal Systems (Canada vs. USA) Thesis: Canadas criminal justice system, specifically laws dealing with punishment, is far superior to that of the United States Canada and the United States of America are two neighboring countries who besides the border share numerous other key aspects. Though similar in beliefs and culture the two countries are far from alikeRead MoreEssay about Capital Punishment Speech562 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment Speech Capital punishment is a barbarous survival from a less enlightened and refined age; it is incongruous and incompatible with our present standard of civilization and humanity. It has been abolished by many states and countries, and we must look forward to the day when the other governments will follow suit. The arguments against capital punishment are many and credible, but the pleas advanced in its favor are few and unfounded. PunishmentRead MoreEssay on The Mytilene Debate and Athenian Debate1606 Words   |  7 Pagesconclude which one and which side was speaking out of honest opinion or self-interest, as well as which speakers are similar to each other in their approach to the situation. In the Mytilene Debate the two speakers are Creon, presenting the side in favor of killing the people, and Diodotus, on the opposing side. The two speakers present their opinions on the best way to deal with the Mytilenean people as a consequence after their revolt, as well as actions that should overall be taken in the futureRead MoreEssay about Speech Against Capital Punishment1672 Words   |  7 PagesSpeech Against Capital Punishment Good Afternoon, I am honored to be here, and I thank you for having me. Today I would like to speak to you about a very controversial issue- capital punishment. What do those two words mean to you? To most people they mean a murder victims family receiving justice for their deceased. Let me see a show of hands. How many people in the audience believe in the death penalty? I conducted a weeklong survey of two hundred people of all ages. The purposeRead MoreEssay on Preserve or Outlaw?1731 Words   |  7 PagesCapital punishment has been one of the most controversial issues in American history. Its complex history demonstrates how controversial the subject is. Capital punishment is the verdict of execution as a punishment for a person or persons convicted of committing a crime. In 1972, the Supreme Court determined that capital punishment violated the 8th Amendment of the United States Constitution’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. However, this ruling did not last for long. In 1976, the courtRead MoreCapital Punishment And Its Effect On Society2096 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout history, capital punishment has been practiced in many areas in regards to major crimes. Capital punishment is the execution of a convicted criminal as a punishment for the committed crimes, with methods of execution that include electrocutions, gas chambers, lethal injections, etc. Capital punishment has more recently been taken into moral standards, resulting in more than half of the United Nations’ members abolishing its use. (http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/) However, the death penaltyRead MoreFirst Amendment Paper1372 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment takes to take first amendment rights from people. For instance the secret spying on people from government organizations, the quiet protest of a man who was brutally beat and sent to jail, the beginning of punishment comparison to a communist country, and the severe punishment of a man who would did not do anything but cover up his sources. This and many other acts of government is what is tearing down the foundry of this country. Now it is nearly impossible to protect privacy with theRead MoreMoral Theories Of Utilitarianism And Deontological Ethics1266 Words   |  6 Pagesas freedom of speech and affirmative obligations by a government, whereas and a negative (liberty) right refers to inaction such as v iolence and no interference by a government. Locke emphasizes natural rights and property, and obligations of a government to be allied, such that civilians have right of owing a property while a government should protect it (Dine Fagan, 2006). Locke provided basics of modern liberal democracy (Manisha, 2009). I consider rights of freedom and speech as most importantRead MoreThe Civil War Of The Sudan1269 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves displaced. This lead to a coup that would eventually leave Omar al-Bashir the president. Under this new rule, The Sudan began an era of governmental repression and saw the conditions of their country deteriorate due to the violence. 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Relationship Bewteen Work-Family Balance and Employee Well-being

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Bewteen Work-Family Balance,Employee Well-being and Job Performance for Men and Women. Answer: Introduction As a consequence of the profound changes taking place in families and the labour market, balancing work, and family is an increasing workforce demand (Mercure and Mircea, 2010). In the last decades, labour conditions have changed; long working hours make it difficult to meet family responsibilities, and job insecurity has increased (Rhnima et al., 2014). Similarly, changes have also occurred in families, such as the increase in dual-earner households and in the number of families with dependent family members or single parent families. In this context, when work interferes with family, work-to-family conflicts (WFC) arise (Lin, 2013; Greenhaus and Beutell, 1985). Background Organizational efforts to improve employee well-being through the development of work-family policies may help solve this problem. Work-family policies include work practices aimed at balancing work, family (Lpez-Ibor et al., 2010), and personal demands (Felstead et al., 2002). Researchers have gathered evidence of a positive relationship among work-family policies and job performance in socially supportive companies (Biedma-Ferrer and Medina-Garrido, 2014; van Steenbergen and Ellemers, 2009; Anderson et al., 2002). In line with these findings, this study was seeking to analyse the impact that different work-family policies have on job performance. As such, we designed a model for identifying the effects that different types of work-family policies have on well-being of employees and, ultimately, on job performance. However, according to some authors, the mere presence of work-family strategies is not enough for employees to attain a work-family balance (Yeandle et al., 2002; Budd and Mumford, 2005). Based on this finding, a distinction was made in our study between the existence and employees awareness of work-family policies, and true access to these policies. Industry Background This study provides added value to the existing works on work-family strategies in various forms. First, the effects that the existence and employees awareness of work-family policies have on job performance were separately assessed from the effects that the actual uptake of work-family policies without reprisals have on job performance (Baxter and Chesters, 2011; McDonald et al., 2005). In the existing literature, a distinction is not made between the adoption and the actual implementation of work-family policies (McDonald et al., 2005). As stated above, it is not enough that work-family policies are available, but employees must be aware of their existence and be provided true access to them (Budd and Mumford, 2005; Yeandle et al., 2002) without reprisals (Gray and Tudball, 2002; Bond, 2004). True access to work-family policies requires a helpful work-life organizational philosophy (Las Heras et al., 2015; Sivatte and Guadamillas, 2014). Second, we present an unpublished model for determining the relationship among the existence of and access to work-family policies and job performance as mediated by employee well-being. In third place, the probability that WFC arise and work-family policies are implemented to solve them may differ across sectors (Allen et al., 2015). It would be interesting to analyse the influence of work-family procedures on job performance in the sectors such as the banking sector where employees are subject to more pressure in terms of results (Burke, 2009; Rosso, 2008), as they are more vulnerable to WFC and consequently more urgently require the implementation of work-family policies. The benefit of this study is that it examines the relationship between work-family policies and job performance in the banking sector, a scarcely studied sector (e.g. van Steenbergen and Ellemers, 2009). Finally, the decision to focus our study on the banking industry was based on the dramatic impact that the eco nomic and financial crisis had on this sector in Spain. The crisis was accompanied by major restructuring and downsizing, offices closing (Alam et al., 2015; Maudos, 2012), and increased working hours and pressure exerted on employees in a traditionally stressful sector (Ariza-Montes et al., 2013). An additional effect of the financial crisis is that organizations now devote fewer resources to the execution of work-family strategies (Miheli? and Tekav?i?, 2014). Research aim The focus of this research was to develop existing examination on work-family projects and employment fulfillment. The consequences of the review give a more noteworthy comprehension of the connections between these develops by tending to the overall research address for this review: What work-life adjust techniques accomplish revenue driven association use to expand the occupation fulfillment of affirmations agents Research questions The study main focus was to expand on the existing research on relationship between balancing work and family, well-being of employees and job performance for men and women. The study results will provide an understanding of the relationships of the research topic Does a relationship exist between work-family balance and employee wellbeing? Does the overall relationship between work-family balance and employee wellbeing different by gender? What work-family balance approaches have you used to increase job fulfilment of your employees? What work-family balance approaches appear to affect the job fulfillment of your workers in the most substantial ways? Research Objectives To determine if a relationship exists among work-family balance and worker wellbeing? To determine if a relationship among work-family balance and worker wellbeing differs by gender? To determine whether the work-family balance tactics that will be used to improve job fulfilment of your employees? To determine whether work-family balance tactics appear to affect the job fulfillment of workers in the most substantial ways? Hypothesis Based on the connection among work-family policies and work performance, and taking into account both the existence of and access to different types of work-family policies the following hypotheses was postulated: The more strongly an employee perceives that work-family policies based on working time flexibility exist, the better his/her job performance. The more strongly an employee perceives that work-family policies based on long paid and unpaid leaves exist, the better his/her job performance. The more strongly an employee perceives that work-family policies based on flexibility in the work location exist, the better his/her job performance. The more strongly an employee perceives that work-family policies based on employee and family support services exist, the better his/her job performance. Research Methodology Methodology is the procedures and how the study will be conducted in order to attain precise results. It points out the targeted population, selected population and how sample will be taken from the field i.e. sampling techniques to be used. It shows the data collection instruments used in the survey such as questionnaires and observations and gives reason why these were chosen and not the others. Sample and data collection Fieldwork was focused on the banking sector in Australia, a sector with a total of 192,265 employees. Collected of data were done using a closed-question, self-administered questionnaire. Respondents were sent an e-mail containing a link to the web-based questionnaire. Pre-testing was conducted to improve the efficacy and design of the questionnaire, prevent ambiguity, and improve measurements. Data were collected from three organizations. Organization representatives were requested to take part in the study and informed that the final aggregated results would be provided to them once they were available. A total of 1,565 questionnaires were returned by respondents, who were representative of the entire Australian population in terms of geography. In all, 54 questionnaires were withdrawn from analysis due to incomplete or missing data. Of the resulting 1,511 effective respondents, 42.4 per cent were female and 75.9 per cent had child or elder care responsibilities that required work- family balance. The mean age was 43.7 years (SD 8.9), and mean seniority in the company was 18.7 years (SD 11.2). Measurements The linkage between theoretical constructs and empirical data is described by the measurement model (Fornell, 1982). Two types of relationships are identified in this model: the common latent construct model (reflective indicators), i.e. when pointers represent an unobserved theoretical construct to which they are related; and the aggregated latent construct model (formative indicator), where construct modelling is based on indicators or measurements. Mackenzie et al. (2005) proposed four questions for distinguishing common latent constructs from aggregated ones: what is the course of causality between the construct and its indicators? Are construct indicators interchangeable in conceptual terms? Are indicators correlated among themselves? And, do all pointers have the same construct antecedents and consequences The application of these criteria to all constructs justifies the use of the reflective model, since all indicators are representations of the unobserved theoretical construct they reflect, they share a common theme, are interchangeable, and are strongly correlated. Except for job performance, multiple indicators based on respondents rating of a series of statements on a five-point Likert scale were used, where 1 represented strongly disagree and 5 represented strongly agree. First, to measure the existence of work-family policies in an organization, an adapted version of the Families and Work Institute (2012a,b) scale was used. The adapted scale consisted of five indicators of respondents perceptions. Thus, respondents were asked whether work-family policies were available, whether information on work-family policies was provided to them by the organization, whether they were aware of the work-family policies, whether they knew of someone who had used them and, finally, whether they had ever used work-family policies (e.g. I have the working time flexibility my personal and family responsibilities I need to be met). The respective coefficients for each group of work-family policies were: 1=0.836, 2=0.800, 3=0.884, 4=0.924 for flexi-time, long paid and unpaid leaves, flexi-place, and family support services, respectively. To measure the variable accessibility, a two-item scale (1=0.819, 2=0.792, 3=0.851, 4=0.885) based on the contributions by Anderson et al. (2002) and the Families and Work Institute (2012a,b) was designed. In this scale, respondents have to rate how they perceive access to work-family policies in their organization and they are asked whether they can use them without reprisals (e.g. If I used work-family support resources, it would have negative consequences for my career, with an inverse scoring system). Employee well-being was measured by use of an adapted version of the reflective four-item scale (1=0.962, 2=0.962, 3=0.974, 4=0.977 for flexi-time, long paid and unpaid leaves, flexi-place, and family support services, respectively) designed by Boshoff and Mels (2000) and Warr (1990). This scale was based on the respondents perception of work stress, job satisfaction, motivation to perform his/her tasks and organizational commitment (e.g. I often feel anxious and stressed inside and outside my workplace, with inverse scoring, or My main satisfactions in life come primarily from my job). Finally, respondents perception of their own job performance was measured by asking them to rate their job performance. In line with the recommendations of Boshoff and Mels (2000), the item My organization gets the better of me in terms of job performance was included in the questionnaire ( was not applicable, since it was a one-item construct). Methods Following the recommendations of Hair et al. (2014), hypothesis testing was performed by the use of a structural equation model based on the PLS-SEM approach. The methodology selected more specifically, the data collection methods employed and the constructs tested and the indicators used were appropriate for empirically examining the correlations among theoretical variables related to organizational work-family support (Casper et al., 2007; Chang et al., 2010). SmartPLS 3.0 software was used to perform data analysis (Ringle et al., 2014) and mean values were attributed to missing data using the criterion of replacement with average value. Although the parameters of the measurement model and the structural model were measured in a single step, as recommended by Chin (2010) and Hair et al. (2014) for the presentation of results were adopted. Accordingly, measurement model testing was performed first, followed by the evaluation of significance among parameters. As such, the validity a nd reliability of measurements was guaranteed before any conclusions were drawn on the relationships among constructs. Measurement model testing In this section, we examine whether the study variables (or indicators) measured the theoretical concepts correctly. Given that all constructs were reflective, reliability was analyzed first; i.e., whether the indicators actually measured what they were intended to measure. Next, validity was evaluated; i.e., whether measuring was consistently performed. In the reliability analysis, the reliability of each item was examined separately by assessing factor loadings (). For an indicator to be definitely incorporated in the measurement model of a construct, it must have a factor loading ?0.707. This involves the shared variance between the construct and its indicators being greater than the error variance. Some authors consider that this empirical rule (?0.707) should not be so rigid in early stages of scale design (Hair et al., 2014) and conclude that an indicator with a factor loading ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 can be deleted from a scale if deletion results in the average variance extracted (AVE) or composite reliability (CR) exceeding the minimum threshold value established (AVE=0.5; CR=0.7). Consequently, weak indicators can be occasionally maintained for their contribution to the validity of the content analysis measure. In any case, clearly weak indicators (?0.4) must always be discarded. In this study, all indicators of the measurement model were maintained, although two indicators did not reach the minimum threshold value established (?0.707). This decision was based on the fact that the AVE for all latent variables exceeded 0.5, which means that it was not necessary to delete these variables to reach the minimum threshold value for AVE. Therefore, as these two indicators contribute to the validity of the content, they were maintained. The reliability of the scale was assessed to verify the internal consistency of all indicators when measuring the concept. Scale reliability was evaluated using Cronbachs coefficient and CR. Nunnally (1978) considered 0.7 adequate for indicating modest reliability and a stricter 0.8 for basic research. All constructs comfortably exceeded the threshold established for Cronbachs and CR, all except Cronbachs for the variable Access 2, which was 0.792 and would be considered acceptable. Construct validity was assessed by examining convergent validity and discriminant validity. Convergent validity indicates that a set of indicators signifies one and the same underlying construct, which can be demonstrated through their uni-dimensionality (Henseler et al., 2009). Convergent validity is assessed through the AVE, which provides a measure of the proportion of variance that can be explained by its indicators with respect to variance accounted for by measurement errors. Fornell and Larcker (1981) recommend a threshold value for AVE0.5, which means that 50% of the construct variance can be explained by its indicators but not by the indicators of the other constructs. As shown in Table II, an AVE0.5 was obtained for all constructs. This means that more than 50% of the variance in the construct can be accounted for by its indicators. Discriminant validity examines to what extent a given construct differs from other constructs. Discriminant validity was assessed using the Fornell-Larcker criterion (Fornell-Larcker, 1981), which is based on the idea that, in a given model, a construct should share more variance with its indicators than with other constructs. Consequently, an effective method for assessing discriminant validity is demonstrating that the AVE for a construct is greater than the variance that the construct shares with other constructs of the same model; in other words, the correlations among constructs are lower than the square of the AVE. The study found out that the square of the AVE for all latent variables was greater than the correlation among variables. This means that all constructs were more strongly correlated to their indicators than to those of the other constructs. Conclusion This study makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to better understand the impact that the existence of and true access to work-family policies have on job performance, mediated by employee-well-being. More specifically, this study assesses the effects of different types of work-family policies on employee-well-being and job performance. The first group of work-family policies encompasses working time flexibility policies (flexi-time). The second group consists of long paid and unpaid leave policies. The third group includes policies providing flexibility in the work location (flexi-place). Finally, the fourth group embraces employees and family support services. Work-family policies were evaluated from two perspectives: the existence and employees awareness of work-family policies; and true access to work-family policies. The results obtained indicate that the existence of and access to work-family policies do not have a direct effect on job performance but an indirect one mediated by employee-well-being. This was found to be applicable to all groups except for employee and family support services. The existence of this type of work-family policies does not seem to have a direct or indirect effect on job performance or employee-well-being. Yet, once this type of work-family policies has been adopted, it is important that employees perceive they can use them easily, as this has an indirect positive effect on job performance. Timescale Week activity 1-4 Research 5-6 Questionnaire and Interview development 7- 9 Data collection and preparation (includes primary and secondary data) 10-14 Data Analysis and Interpretation 15 Presentation and Submission Resources Libraries Journals The Internet Past students' dissertations Film, tapes and interviews References Alam, L., Conesa, D., Forte, A. and Tortosa-Ausina, E., 2015. The geography of Spanish bank branches. Journal of Applied Statistics, 42(4), pp.722-744. Allen, T.D., French, K.A., Dumani, S. and Shockley, K.M., 2015. Meta-analysis of workfamily conflict mean differences: Does national context matter?. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 90, pp.90-100. Anderson, S.E., Coffey, B.S. and Byerly, R.T., 2002. Formal organizational initiatives and informal workplace practices: Links to work-family conflict and job-related outcomes. Journal of management, 28(6), pp.787-810. Baxter, J. and Chesters, J., 2011. Perceptions of work-family balance: How effective are family-friendly policies?. Australian Journal of Labour Economics, 14(2), p.139. Becker, F.D., 1993. New Working Practices: Benchmarking, Flexible Scheduling, Staffing, and Work Location in an International Context. Cornell University, International Workplace Studies Program. Boshoff, C., 2000. The impact of multiple commitments on intentions to resign: An empirical assessment. British Journal of Management, 11(3), pp.255-272. Budd, J.W. and Mumford, K., 2005. Family-Friendly Work Practices in Britain: Availability and Perceived Accessibility. IZA Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit. Institute for the Study of Labour. Discussion Paper Series IZA DP, (1662). Budd, J.W. and Mumford, K., 2005. Family-Friendly Work Practices in Britain: Availability and Perceived Accessibility. IZA Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit. Institute for the Study of Labour. Discussion Paper Series IZA DP, (1662). Burke, R.J., 2009. Working to live or living to work: Should individuals and organizations care?. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, pp.167-172. Casper, W.J., Eby, L.T., Bordeaux, C., Lockwood, A. and Lambert, D., 2007. A review of research methods in IO/OB work-family research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), p.28. Chin, W.W., 1998. The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), pp.295-336. Cloninger, P.A., Selvarajan, T.T., Singh, B. and Huang, S., 2015. The mediating influence of workfamily conflict and the moderating influence of gender on employee outcomes. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(18), pp.2269-2287. Edgar, F., Geare, A., Halhjem, M., Reese, K. and Thoresen, C., 2015. Well-being and performance: Measurement issues for HRM research. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(15), pp.1983-1994. Felstead, A., Jewson, N., Phizacklea, A. and Walters, S., 2002. Opportunities to work at home in the context of work?life balance. Human resource management journal, 12(1), pp.54-76. Ferrer, J.M.B. and Garrido, J.A.M., 2014. Impact of family-friendly HRM policies in organizational performance. Intangible Capital, 10(3), pp.448-466. Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F., 1981. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research, pp.39-50. Hair, J.F., 2014. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), London, United Kingdom, London. Hale, JL/Householder, BJ/Greene, KL (2003): The theory of reasoned action, in: Dillard, JP/Pfau, M.(Hrsg.): The peruation handbook: developments in theory and practice, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp.259-286. Henseler, J., Ringle, C.M. and Sinkovics, R.R., 2009. The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277-319. Hughes, J. and Bozionelos, N., 2007. Work-life balance as source of job dissatisfaction and withdrawal attitudes: An exploratory study on the views of male workers. Personnel Review, 36(1), pp.145-154. Ilies, R., Schwind, K.M. and Heller, D., 2007. Employee well-being: A multilevel model linking work and nonwork domains. European journal of work and organizational psychology, 16(3), pp.326-341. Las Heras, M., Bosch, M.J. and Raes, A.M., 2015. Sequential mediation among family friendly culture and outcomes. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), pp.2366-2373. Lin, A., 2013. The relationship between work/family demands, personality and work-family conflict. The Business Review Cambridge, 21(1), p.274. MacKenzie, S.B., Podsakoff, P.M. and Jarvis, C.B., 2005. The problem of measurement model misspecification in behavioral and organizational research and some recommended solutions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(4), p.710. McDonald, P., Brown, K. and Bradley, L., 2005. Explanations for the provision-utilisation gap in work-life policy. Women in Management Review, 20(1), pp.37-55. Mihelic, K.K. and Tekavcic, M., 2014. Work-family conflict: a review of antecedents and outcomes. International Journal of Management Information Systems (Online), 18(1), p.15. Montes, J.A.A., Gutirrez, A.C.M. and Casademunt, A.M.L., 2013. La implicacin emocional de los empleados de banca en Europa. Universia Business Review, 2(38). Rhnima, A., Wils, T., Pousa, C.E. and Frigon, M., 2014. Conflits travail-famille et intention de quitter dans le domaine de la sant. Relations Industrielles, 69(3), p.477. Ringle, C.M., Wende, S. and Becker, J.M., 2014. Smartpls 3. Hamburg: SmartPLS. Academy of Management Review, 9, pp.419-445. Steinmetz, H., Frese, M. and Schmidt, P., 2008. A longitudinal panel study on antecedents and outcomes of workhome interference. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(2), pp.231-241. Swody, C.A. and Powell, G.N., 2007. Determinants of employee participation in organizations family-friendly programs: A multi-level approach. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22(2), pp.111-122. Van Steenbergen, E.F. and Ellemers, N., 2009. Is managing the workfamily interface worthwhile? Benefits for employee health and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(5), pp.617-642.

Sleep Cycle Essay Example

Sleep Cycle Essay Its natural to blame sleep problems on stress or physical changes that come with age. But many cases of either sleeplessness or poor sleep are caused by a handful of specific problems, most of them fixable with lifestyle changes or the help of a doctor. Here, five little-known causes of sleep problems and what to do about them. 1. Light How it disrupts sleep: You probably already know that when you stay up late under bright lights, you interrupt your bodys natural sleep-wake cycle, because light tricks your brain into remaining in daylight mode. Less well known is that the light from computer screens and iPads shining directly into your eyes at close range is especially troublesome. Why? Part of the problem is that the light from these devices is at the blue end of the spectrum, which scientists believe is particularly disruptive to circadian rhythms. Blue light, although common during the day, doesnt occur naturally during the evening. Similarly, light shining in your eyes while you sleep even very small amounts coming from, say, a lighted clock makes your brain think its morning and emerge out of deep sleep. Darkness triggers production of the hormone melatonin, the hormone that triggers sleepiness and the onset of sleep. Light prevents this release or shuts it off. The evidence: Studies have long shown that shift workers and those who work late at night have poorer sleep and higher incidences of certain conditions associated with lack of sleep than those who regularly sleep eight or nine hours at night. A recent study published in Cancer Causes amp; Control, for example, found that the countries generating the most light at night have the highest incidence of breast cancer. We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And studies at the Light Research Center at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia have found that the use of computers, lighted readers, and TVs at close range is tied to a higher incidence of sleeplessness. Whos at risk: Everyone exposed to light shortly before bed or during sleep. Light is also bad for hearts, which need deep sleep to recharge. Surprising fact: Every year theres a spike in the number of heart attacks just after the start of daylight savings time in the spring. What to do: Dim the lights and turn off all lighted screens at least an hour before bed. If you use a reading light, make sure its not any brighter than necessary and doesnt shine in your eyes. Do a light police room check: Are there streetlights outside your windows? Use blackout curtains or shades and make sure they fit the windows tightly so no light seeps in around the edge. Charge laptops, phones, cameras, and other devices in another room. Use an alarm clock without a lighted dial, or turn it to face the wall. Keep a flashlight next to your bed and use it whenever you have to get up to use the bathroom or let the dog out and be careful to point it away from yourself so you dont look into the beam. Dont turn on an overhead light, and never use nightlights. If you must use a laptop, turn down the screen brightness as low as you can tolerate and prop the laptop as far away from you as your typing arms will reach. If you love eReaders, try a Kindle or other device with a screen thats not backlit. 2. Pain How it disrupts sleep: Just about any kind of pain signals sent by the brain jaw pain, headaches, back pain, or arthritis, for example disrupt sleep, lifting you from the deep, restful REM cycle into lighter sleep or causing you to sleep fitfully and partially wake up over and over, which experts call microarousals. The evidence: Surveys of chronic pain sufferers reveal that between 60 and 90 percent sleep poorly. But many dont realize that their pain is the cause of their poor sleep. This can become a vicious cycle, says Thomas Roth of the Sleep Disorders and Research Center at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, because even partial sleep disruptions can increase sensitivity to pain. In other words, even mild pain causes poor sleep, which in turn leads to more pain. Whos at risk: Anyone who suffers chronically painful conditions such as arthritis, back or neck pain, jaw alignment problems, dental pain, fibromyalgia, headaches, or any other type of chronic pain. Note: The p ain doesnt need to be severe; studies show that even mild pain disrupts sleep. According to Roth, frequent microarousals can occur throughout the night without your being aware of them. The result is that you never attain deep REM cycle sleep and wake up feeling tired and grumpy, but you dont know why. What to do: Take steps to treat your pain proactively. Using over-the-counter pain relief is a start, but its always best to consult with a doctor and develop a comprehensive pain-relief program. For example, you may need physical therapy to combat back and neck pain, or migraine medication if your frequent headaches might be migraines. If bruxism (teeth grinding) or jaw clenching is leading to jaw pain, a mouth guard is often the solution. 3. Disrupted breathing How it disrupts sleep: When oxygen flow to the brain is interrupted, your brain sends a warning signal that wakes you up either fully or partially, causing fitful sleep or preventing deep, restful sleep. The result: You wake feeling like you didnt sleep well, even if you were out for nine hours straight. The best known version of this is apnea, which is a complete stoppage of breathing. A much more common and less recognized problem is upper airway resistance syndrome, or UARS. In UARS, structural blockages somewhere in the airway nasal congestion, your tongue falling back and blocking the back of the throat, or just having a smaller airway to begin with begin to interfere with the flow of air. What happens is that you wake up over and over again without knowing it, but the sleep interruptions last only a few seconds, too short to be detected by a standard sleep apnea test. The evidence: Even subtle levels of restricted breathing can lead to deep brain stimulation and arousals that prevent your ability to stay in deep sleep, says otolaryngologist Steven Park, an otolaryngologist and author of Sleep, Interrupted: A Physician Reveals the #1 Reason Why So Many of Us Are Sick and Tired. You dont realize youre waking up, but your brain wakes up, so its now in a light sleep. We see people who are waking up 100 times a night. Whos at risk: People who breathe through their mouths or have chronic congestion, such as from asthma or allergies. If you sleep more poorly on your back, this can be a sign of UARS, because when you sleep on your back your tongue is more likely to sink back and block the entrance to your throat. If you have a narrow face, a thin neck, or had extensive orthodontic work to correct a crowded jaw, youre likely to be at particular risk for UARS, says Park. What to do: Start with some self-tests. Try using pillows to keep yourself on your side, or put a tennis ball in the back pocket of pajama bottoms, so you cant sleep on your back. If your nose often feels stuffed up, you might find relief with breathing strips, available at the drugstore. Another option is to try is a device designed to hold the nostrils open; brand names include Nozovent and Breathe with Eez. A saline nasal spray works for many people. If you have congestion due to seasonal allergies, try an antihistamine. (But if you take one that can act as a stimulant, such as Claritin or Sudafed, dont take it too close to bedtime. ) If none of these help, ask your doctor to refer you to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, who can evaluate whether youre a candidate for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), a nasal mask that delivers air directly through your airways. An ENT can also determine whether tongue position is causing your UARS, in which case a dental device that pushes the jaw and tongue forward can help. For many people, losing a few pounds can be the ticket to better sleep, since excess weight is linked to all kinds of breathing problems, including UARS, snoring, and sleep apnea. 4. Medications How they disrupt sleep: Medications sometimes have side effects that trigger sleeplessness or interfere with deep sleep. Most common culprits: asthma medications, corticosteroids, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants. Also, many ingredients in common medications act as stimulants. They may cause jitteriness during the day and trigger sleeplessness or prevent deep sleep at night. Example: Bronchodilators like albuterol and salmeterol, commonly used to treat asthma, bronchitis, and COPD, can amp you up and interfere with sleep, yet patients are often directed to use them at the end of the day. Other common medications that can interfere with sleep include SSRIs, such as Prozac and Paxil, and beta-blockers taken for high blood pressure and heart disease. Sometimes medications sabotage your sleep indirectly. Diuretics, for example, can interfere with sleep by causing you to use the bathroom at night. Tagamet (generic name cimetidine), taken to control reflux and ulcers, can cause sleeplessness, especially when combined with caffeine or other medications. Like many side effects, sleeplessness from medications can affect some people but not others; Propecia, used to treat hair loss, and the antihistamine loratadine (brand name Claritin) are both known to cause sleeplessness in a percentage of those who take them. Some people react to opioid pain medications with rebound sleeplessness, feeling sleepy at first but then waking up and being unable to get back to sleep. The evidence: Although every medication is tested for side effects during the FDA approval process, in many cases evidence of side effects mounts over time as a drug enters more widespread use. Albuterol has been widely reported to cause restlessness, nervousness, and sleeplessness. An article in the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology also found that beta-blockers interfere with melatonin release. Recent studies have found that Prozac, Zoloft, Celexa, and other SSRIs affect sleep in a significant number of patients. If youre using an antidepressant, be sure to talk to your psychiatrist about any possible sleep problems and ask about alternative antidepressants if this is an issue. Whos at risk: Those taking regular medication for a chronic condition such as asthma, depression, high blood pressure, or pain. A medication that you take once is less likely to cause an ongoing sleep issue because you take it for a short period of time and are more likely to notice the side effect. When you have a chronic condition, youre more likely to attribute any sleep problems to the condition rather than the treatment. What to do: Any time youre prescribed a new medication, ask the doctor to discuss in detail all side effects you should be alert to. Its always a good idea to ask both the doctor and the pharmacist, How will this medication affect my sleep? Because some medications cause sleepiness, some interfere with sleep, and some do both, asking the question in an open-ended way will get you the most information. 5. Depression How it disrupts sleep: Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms of depression, yet many people dont realize how closely related depression and poor sleep can be. Depression wreaks havoc with your natural biological rhythms; many people with depression have trouble getting out of bed in the morning, and they oversleep or get fatigued and nap during the day. Yet their sleep is fitful and of poor quality, so despite spending more hours ostensibly sleeping or trying to sleep, they dont feel well rested. Then at night, depression sufferers often have trouble maintaining a regular bedtime routine. Having slept late in the morning or napped late in the day, they may not feel sleepy. Anxiety, which often accompanies depression, may cause excessive late-night worry that contributes to sleeplessness. The evidence: Because the relationship between depression and insomnia is a chicken-and-egg cycle, experts have studied it from both directions. Psychological studies have found that a high proportion of those with depression suffer from either sleeplessness or disrupted sleep, and a recent study by the University of Maryland found that 40 to 60 percent of people Sleep Cycle Essay Example Sleep Cycle Essay Its natural to blame sleep problems on stress or physical changes that come with age. But many cases of either sleeplessness or poor sleep are caused by a handful of specific problems, most of them fixable with lifestyle changes or the help of a doctor. Here, five little-known causes of sleep problems and what to do about them. 1. Light How it disrupts sleep: You probably already know that when you stay up late under bright lights, you interrupt your bodys natural sleep-wake cycle, because light tricks your brain into remaining in daylight mode. Less well known is that the light from computer screens and iPads shining directly into your eyes at close range is especially troublesome. Why? Part of the problem is that the light from these devices is at the blue end of the spectrum, which scientists believe is particularly disruptive to circadian rhythms. Blue light, although common during the day, doesnt occur naturally during the evening. Similarly, light shining in your eyes while you sleep even very small amounts coming from, say, a lighted clock makes your brain think its morning and emerge out of deep sleep. Darkness triggers production of the hormone melatonin, the hormone that triggers sleepiness and the onset of sleep. Light prevents this release or shuts it off. The evidence: Studies have long shown that shift workers and those who work late at night have poorer sleep and higher incidences of certain conditions associated with lack of sleep than those who regularly sleep eight or nine hours at night. A recent study published in Cancer Causes amp; Control, for example, found that the countries generating the most light at night have the highest incidence of breast cancer. We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sleep Cycle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And studies at the Light Research Center at Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia have found that the use of computers, lighted readers, and TVs at close range is tied to a higher incidence of sleeplessness. Whos at risk: Everyone exposed to light shortly before bed or during sleep. Light is also bad for hearts, which need deep sleep to recharge. Surprising fact: Every year theres a spike in the number of heart attacks just after the start of daylight savings time in the spring. What to do: Dim the lights and turn off all lighted screens at least an hour before bed. If you use a reading light, make sure its not any brighter than necessary and doesnt shine in your eyes. Do a light police room check: Are there streetlights outside your windows? Use blackout curtains or shades and make sure they fit the windows tightly so no light seeps in around the edge. Charge laptops, phones, cameras, and other devices in another room. Use an alarm clock without a lighted dial, or turn it to face the wall. Keep a flashlight next to your bed and use it whenever you have to get up to use the bathroom or let the dog out and be careful to point it away from yourself so you dont look into the beam. Dont turn on an overhead light, and never use nightlights. If you must use a laptop, turn down the screen brightness as low as you can tolerate and prop the laptop as far away from you as your typing arms will reach. If you love eReaders, try a Kindle or other device with a screen thats not backlit. 2. Pain How it disrupts sleep: Just about any kind of pain signals sent by the brain jaw pain, headaches, back pain, or arthritis, for example disrupt sleep, lifting you from the deep, restful REM cycle into lighter sleep or causing you to sleep fitfully and partially wake up over and over, which experts call microarousals. The evidence: Surveys of chronic pain sufferers reveal that between 60 and 90 percent sleep poorly. But many dont realize that their pain is the cause of their poor sleep. This can become a vicious cycle, says Thomas Roth of the Sleep Disorders and Research Center at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, because even partial sleep disruptions can increase sensitivity to pain. In other words, even mild pain causes poor sleep, which in turn leads to more pain. Whos at risk: Anyone who suffers chronically painful conditions such as arthritis, back or neck pain, jaw alignment problems, dental pain, fibromyalgia, headaches, or any other type of chronic pain. Note: The p ain doesnt need to be severe; studies show that even mild pain disrupts sleep. According to Roth, frequent microarousals can occur throughout the night without your being aware of them. The result is that you never attain deep REM cycle sleep and wake up feeling tired and grumpy, but you dont know why. What to do: Take steps to treat your pain proactively. Using over-the-counter pain relief is a start, but its always best to consult with a doctor and develop a comprehensive pain-relief program. For example, you may need physical therapy to combat back and neck pain, or migraine medication if your frequent headaches might be migraines. If bruxism (teeth grinding) or jaw clenching is leading to jaw pain, a mouth guard is often the solution. 3. Disrupted breathing How it disrupts sleep: When oxygen flow to the brain is interrupted, your brain sends a warning signal that wakes you up either fully or partially, causing fitful sleep or preventing deep, restful sleep. The result: You wake feeling like you didnt sleep well, even if you were out for nine hours straight. The best known version of this is apnea, which is a complete stoppage of breathing. A much more common and less recognized problem is upper airway resistance syndrome, or UARS. In UARS, structural blockages somewhere in the airway nasal congestion, your tongue falling back and blocking the back of the throat, or just having a smaller airway to begin with begin to interfere with the flow of air. What happens is that you wake up over and over again without knowing it, but the sleep interruptions last only a few seconds, too short to be detected by a standard sleep apnea test. The evidence: Even subtle levels of restricted breathing can lead to deep brain stimulation and arousals that prevent your ability to stay in deep sleep, says otolaryngologist Steven Park, an otolaryngologist and author of Sleep, Interrupted: A Physician Reveals the #1 Reason Why So Many of Us Are Sick and Tired. You dont realize youre waking up, but your brain wakes up, so its now in a light sleep. We see people who are waking up 100 times a night. Whos at risk: People who breathe through their mouths or have chronic congestion, such as from asthma or allergies. If you sleep more poorly on your back, this can be a sign of UARS, because when you sleep on your back your tongue is more likely to sink back and block the entrance to your throat. If you have a narrow face, a thin neck, or had extensive orthodontic work to correct a crowded jaw, youre likely to be at particular risk for UARS, says Park. What to do: Start with some self-tests. Try using pillows to keep yourself on your side, or put a tennis ball in the back pocket of pajama bottoms, so you cant sleep on your back. If your nose often feels stuffed up, you might find relief with breathing strips, available at the drugstore. Another option is to try is a device designed to hold the nostrils open; brand names include Nozovent and Breathe with Eez. A saline nasal spray works for many people. If you have congestion due to seasonal allergies, try an antihistamine. (But if you take one that can act as a stimulant, such as Claritin or Sudafed, dont take it too close to bedtime. ) If none of these help, ask your doctor to refer you to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, who can evaluate whether youre a candidate for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), a nasal mask that delivers air directly through your airways. An ENT can also determine whether tongue position is causing your UARS, in which case a dental device that pushes the jaw and tongue forward can help. For many people, losing a few pounds can be the ticket to better sleep, since excess weight is linked to all kinds of breathing problems, including UARS, snoring, and sleep apnea. 4. Medications How they disrupt sleep: Medications sometimes have side effects that trigger sleeplessness or interfere with deep sleep. Most common culprits: asthma medications, corticosteroids, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants. Also, many ingredients in common medications act as stimulants. They may cause jitteriness during the day and trigger sleeplessness or prevent deep sleep at night. Example: Bronchodilators like albuterol and salmeterol, commonly used to treat asthma, bronchitis, and COPD, can amp you up and interfere with sleep, yet patients are often directed to use them at the end of the day. Other common medications that can interfere with sleep include SSRIs, such as Prozac and Paxil, and beta-blockers taken for high blood pressure and heart disease. Sometimes medications sabotage your sleep indirectly. Diuretics, for example, can interfere with sleep by causing you to use the bathroom at night. Tagamet (generic name cimetidine), taken to control reflux and ulcers, can cause sleeplessness, especially when combined with caffeine or other medications. Like many side effects, sleeplessness from medications can affect some people but not others; Propecia, used to treat hair loss, and the antihistamine loratadine (brand name Claritin) are both known to cause sleeplessness in a percentage of those who take them. Some people react to opioid pain medications with rebound sleeplessness, feeling sleepy at first but then waking up and being unable to get back to sleep. The evidence: Although every medication is tested for side effects during the FDA approval process, in many cases evidence of side effects mounts over time as a drug enters more widespread use. Albuterol has been widely reported to cause restlessness, nervousness, and sleeplessness. An article in the European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology also found that beta-blockers interfere with melatonin release. Recent studies have found that Prozac, Zoloft, Celexa, and other SSRIs affect sleep in a significant number of patients. If youre using an antidepressant, be sure to talk to your psychiatrist about any possible sleep problems and ask about alternative antidepressants if this is an issue. Whos at risk: Those taking regular medication for a chronic condition such as asthma, depression, high blood pressure, or pain. A medication that you take once is less likely to cause an ongoing sleep issue because you take it for a short period of time and are more likely to notice the side effect. When you have a chronic condition, youre more likely to attribute any sleep problems to the condition rather than the treatment. What to do: Any time youre prescribed a new medication, ask the doctor to discuss in detail all side effects you should be alert to. Its always a good idea to ask both the doctor and the pharmacist, How will this medication affect my sleep? Because some medications cause sleepiness, some interfere with sleep, and some do both, asking the question in an open-ended way will get you the most information. 5. Depression How it disrupts sleep: Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms of depression, yet many people dont realize how closely related depression and poor sleep can be. Depression wreaks havoc with your natural biological rhythms; many people with depression have trouble getting out of bed in the morning, and they oversleep or get fatigued and nap during the day. Yet their sleep is fitful and of poor quality, so despite spending more hours ostensibly sleeping or trying to sleep, they dont feel well rested. Then at night, depression sufferers often have trouble maintaining a regular bedtime routine. Having slept late in the morning or napped late in the day, they may not feel sleepy. Anxiety, which often accompanies depression, may cause excessive late-night worry that contributes to sleeplessness. The evidence: Because the relationship between depression and insomnia is a chicken-and-egg cycle, experts have studied it from both directions. Psychological studies have found that a high proportion of those with depression suffer from either sleeplessness or disrupted sleep, and a recent study by the University of Maryland found that 40 to 60 percent of people

Chem lab Essay

Chem lab Essay Chem lab Essay Results: Part A: 3. 41 mL of HCl was added to 2.01 g of sodium benzoate solution and a thick solution formed with a white precipitate. After the pH of the solution reached 2, the solution with precipitate was separated by vacuum filtration and dried. After the first drying period the mass of the watch glass and solid was 27.50 g. After the second drying, the solid and watch glass weighed 27.38 g. A constant mass was reached after the second drying as the change in mass was 0.44% indicating a change in mass less that 0.5%. The final mass of the recovered solid was 0.97 g, which in comparison to the theoretical yield of 1.25 g showed a 77.6% yield. Melting point of the recovered solid was also determined to be 118.8-122.8 Â °C, which shows there may have been some impurity in the solid. Part B: A -10-260 Â °C thermometer was calibrated using 3 calibration points. The freezing point mark was calibrated using crushed ice and distilled water and a final temperature of 0.15Â °C was recorded with a -0.15Â °C calculated correction factor (see Table 1). For the boiling point, distilled water was boiled and the thermometer was placed in the vapour and a temperature of 102.1Â °C was recorded. The correction factor was calculated to be -2.2 Â °C, taking into account the atmospheric pressure of 757.4 mm Hg. For the 3rd calibration point the melting point of a sample of succinic acid was determined using a melting point apparatus. The melting point range was determined to be 185.4-189.2Â °C, giving an average melting point of 187.3Â °C with a correction factor of 0.70Â °C. See Figure 1. Thermometer Calibration Graph for a plot of the temperatures recorded vs. their correction factors. Discussion: Part A: Sodium benzoate is used to preserve certain foods against bacteria, yeasts and molds and is used to prolong their shelf life. This compound, when ingested has the potential to mix with stomach acid and undergo a chemical reaction. In a lab, sodium benzoate can be combined with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to simulate the stomach environment. The purpose of this experiment is to determine when these two substances are combined, whether a new substance will be formed. It was predicted that a new substance would form from the combination of sodium benzoate and HCl because when combined, a reaction takes place where protons will transfer from the acid (HCl) to the base (sodium benzoate) and will form benzoic acid, which being water insoluble, will precipitate from the solution. If the pH is low enough, this reaction should occur and since HCl is a strong acid, it is predicted this will occur. In the lab, when 2.01 g of sodium benzoate solution was combined with 3.41 mL HCl (which was when a pH of 2 was reached, similar to the pH of stomach acid), a precipitate did indeed form. 0.97 g of solid was recovered and a melting point range was determined to be 118.8-122.8Â °C, which supported the formation of benzoic acid. In conclusion, the lab experiment showed the formation of a new substance, which supported the initial hypothesis statement. The combination of sodium benzoate with HCl forms benzoic acid, a new substance, which may or may not have heath effects on those ingesting sodium benzoate as a preservative in foods. Part B: Lab thermometers differ in accuracy and therefore need to be calibrated. Three points were used to calibrate a thermometer including freezing point, boiling point and melting point. The temperatures measured were compared to literature values and a correction factor for the thermometer was determined accounting for any errors in thermometer temperature measurement. These points were plotted onto a graph so that future temperatures taken by the same thermometer can be corrected according to the determined correction factors from the thermometer calibration. For the freezing point a temperature of 0.15Â °C was measured, which gave a correction factor of -0.15 in comparison to the literature value of the freezing

Market rate of return Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market rate of return - Assignment Example If it is observed that the returns are consistently below the SML line, it will mean that the stock is expected to rise, while if the returns are seen to be consistently above the line, then it will mean that the stock is due for a drop. Graphing the SML for a particular stock requires a stock with a beta that is higher than 1 and this usually outperforms the market, while a beta that is less than 1 implies that it underperforms the market (Shanken, 56). The y-intercept of the SML is equal to risk-free rate. The SML slope is equal to market risk premium and it usually reflects the return trade of a given time. Beta is termed as non-diversifiable or systematic risk. Basing on the generated regression line the equation created is=8.375x-0.166 Going by beta values, the security market line indicates that the relationship between return and risk is linear for the individual securities. For instance, increased return= increased risk. Essentially it indicates what return someone needs to e arn on an investment for it to be worth taking, and this is seen to increase with the investment riskiness. The Security Market Line formula is as below: Required Return = Risk Free Rate + (Beta x [Market Return - Risk Free Rate]) Calculate 95% confidence intervals for the slope and y-intercept. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.997314 R Square 0.994636 Adjusted R Square 0.992848 Standard Error 0.005276 Observations 5 ANOVA Â   df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 0.015486 0.015486 556.2975 0.000167 Residual 3 8.35E-05 2.78E-05 Total 4 0.01557 Â   Â   Â   Â   Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 0.020428 0.004799 4.256403 0.023776 0.005154 0.035702 0.005154 0.035702 X Variable 1 0.118761 0.005035 23.58596 0.000167 0.102737 0.134786 0.102737 0.134786 RESIDUAL OUTPUT Observation Predicted Y Residuals 1 0.04418 0.00582 2 0.079809 -0.00481 3 0.109499 -0.0045 4 0.162942 0.002058 5 0.19857 0.00143 Look up t he current return on one-year Treasury bills/notes as your risk-free rate. Two good sources. In your report, please state your source and the date used. http://fxtrade.oanda.com/analysis/economic-indicators/united-states/rates/yield-curve Date used; November 29, 2013 My risk free rate is 0.05 Given the current risk-free rate, is the regression estimate of your risk-free rate match the actual current risk-free rate? Use confidence intervals to help answer this question. Basing on the confidence interval calculation above, the regression estimate of my risk free rate does not match the actual current risk-free rate because it falls outside the interval or range of 0.10273 and 0.13478 What is the current expected market rate of return (based on your regression)? Basing on my regression, the current expected market rate of return is as below; Using the equation generated from the regression; Y=8.375x-0.166 The current expected market rate of return is equal to X Therefore X=(y+0.166)/8. 375 But we are given Y which is 0.05. The X will now be (0.05+0.166)/8.375=0.02579 Therefore, the current expected market rate of return is 0.02579 Works Cited Shanken, J.On the Estimation of Beta-Pricing Models,"Review of Financial Studies, 5(1), 1{33,1992. Print Shanken, J.,and G.

United States And European Union Relations Research Paper

United States And European Union Relations - Research Paper Example Concurrently, the EU established the European Climate Change Programme with the intent of â€Å"identifying the most environmental-friendly and cost-effective ways to enable the EU to meet its target under the Kyoto Protocol.† The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement bridged to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Its main attribute is that it sets binding goals for 37 developed countries and the European countries for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The European Commission issued its schemes for a new energy policy for Europe. This represents the EU’s attempt to align its energy and climate policies. Typified as setting the pace for a â€Å"new global industrial revolution†, it asserts to commence the process of delivering a low carbon economy for Europe. However, the Commission needs to improve and expand the EUETS because of some limitations and to address criticisms. US and EU views on how to embark upon global climate c hange have been characterized by widely conflicting opinions on the significance of technology, the economic costs, the role of developing countries and the nature of importance of binding multilateral diminutions targets with or without trading means. However, with the enforcement of the Kyoto Protocol, and the recognition by the Kyoto Parties that medium to longer-term targets is likely to be complex to achieve than the previous commitment period Kyoto targets, the chance to move the pursuit of climate change agenda has arisen.

Arguments Of Placebo Effect Health And Social Care Essay

Arguments Of Placebo Effect Health And Social Care Essay The placebo effect may be described as a phenomenon where the symptom of a patient may be modified by ineffective treatment. Essentially the patient has been seen to receive some form of treatment that he or she believes will work. This is a psychological response that can reduce stress and panic thereby leaving the bodys true immune system with an improved chance of working. Placebos are not a cure but merely help to place the patient in a more relaxed and receptive state for treatment. In this regard all medicines essentially provide what is known as the placebo effect. In general terms the placebo has a positive impact if managed by physicians in a proper and responsible way. This is because stress and anxiety are known to affect the body in an adverse manner and possibly make the symptoms worse. Researchers have found that large dummy placebo pills that are coloured seem to stimulate a more positive response from the patients. The important point to emphasise is that the placebo effect is practiced in all medicines and whilst some consider it to be a bogus form of treatment, nevertheless, it accomplishes more good than harm. Counter arguments state that the feel good generation is purposely misleading and could create more serious conditions. The argument is somewhat flawed as very rarely is it ever used as a standalone form of treatment but more a precursor to getting a patient stabilized in a relaxed and more receptive state in order to receive proper medical attention. The arguments of the placebo effect Those arguing against the use of the placebos normally present the following arguments: [1] Introduction of the Nocebo effect whereby patients state that they experience side effects from the in ineffective treatment [placebo]. In most cases this is restricted to clinical trials where placebos are used to test against real medicines. [2] The placebo response of a pain reduction may obscure the real disease and lead towards misleading information to the physician and thus return an incorrect diagnosis of the problem. This can be serious as the wrong course of corrective treatment may be prescribed [3] the illusion effect where the patient is led to believe that the bogus remedy may have worked. This in turn may result in an incorrect or wrong course of treatment to deal with the problem. The medical journal The Lancet provided on an article that stated a new analysis of 110 placebo-controlled randomized trials of homeopathy, indicated there is no evidence that homeopathic tablets perform any better than placebos (Goldacre 2006)  [1]  . Modern medicine has moved towards better patient relationships keeping the patient informed and moved away from the old paternalistic placebo doctrine. Most doctors are uncomfortable with dishonesty and perhaps this is one of the key distinctions against that of the homeopathy practitioners. Adam Harrington stated in Hoboken that the placebo is much more ado about nothing the answer is NO because of the powerful therapeutic effects and YES because of the faddish exaggerations about placebo power. (Harrington 1999). The term placebo is Latin and originated from the Catholic vespers for the dead and translated means I shall please. They emanate from the early medical practices where medical practitioners were unable to diagnose a specific illness and used a placebo essentially to buy time in order to allow additional medical investigations to take place. It was Arthur Shapiro  [2]  who reminded everyone in the 1960s that the physicians themselves were important placebos in their own right i.e. people were comforted by the fact of having an experienced medical practitioner take control of their medical issues. Positive claims for placebos have been made by Dr. Robert Buchman  [3]  and Karl Salsbugh they seem to have effect on almost every symptom known to mankind, whereas Arthur Shapiro was much more sceptical stating placebos could have a permanent effect on medical disorders. (Evans 2004) One of the most convincing positive arguments for placebos resulted from the work of Dr. Henry Beecher  [4]  who was the American anaesthetist who treated US soldiers in a field hospital in World War 2. In one instance he was treating a soldier with bad injuries and was considering morphine as a pain killer but he was concerned about cardio vascular shock. Instead he put the soldier on saline solution and the result was the patient settled down, he felt less pain and the reaction was similar to morphine. It seemed that salt water could be as effective as morphing considered one of the most powerful painkillers at the disposed of the medical practitioners. Beecher later repeated the trick with the same results and after the war returned to Harvard University to continue his research. Similar studies were being carried out at Cornell University. The subsequent studies carried out by Beecher, gold and lasagne change the way the medical profession viewed placebos and by the mid-1950s doctors were thinking of this as their longer a fraudulent practice. (Evans 2004) Figure : Total Drug Concept by ClaridgeThe complementary practitioners of alternative medicines have advocated that mainstream medicine should become more inclusive and doctors need to incorporate some of these methods into the overall approach to healing. The placebo should no longer be considered as a fake treatment but used where it may influence possible positive outcome on patient care. A model developed by Claridge (Peters 2001). In 1970 required a useful insight into close examination of the placebo effect [Fig 1 refers]. Here he separated the drug out into its very opponents; [1] the drug itself color, shape, form, brand and attributes [2] the prescriber attitude, beliefs, competence, and authority. [3] The recipient the psychological side suggested intelligence, personality etc. [4] selling and clinical side hope, clinic, hospital [physical settings]. Hence the doors former placebo is that so these items without the pharm logical presence of the drug. The concept of beli ef is considered a vital component towards a positive outcome of all forms of medical treatment i.e. Belief in the success of the treatment towards a positive outcome and the expectations in the efficiency of that treatment. Belief lies very central to the persuasive ultimate for the use of placebos. The fact that placebos act on the mind creates an important psychological consideration in their applied use in medicine. Hence more studies in the use of the linkage to the neural system may be appropriate. The US government are taking placebos more seriously and recently the US Food and Drug Agency requires that all new drugs undergo a double-blind, placebo control trial. (Edin 2010). These testing different patient responses to the new drug with the controlled drug or placebo. Medical practitioners have stated that the placebo effect has already made significant contributions in the treatment of ulcers, postoperative pain, seasickness, headaches, colds, arthritis and hypertension. In the treatment of depression statistics have illustrated as high as 70% of relief has been achieved by the use of placebos. This would suggest that a lot more is going on here than pure deception. The belief concept may well i nfluence the chemical releases within the body that are controlled by functions of the brain. Tests with depressive patients were conducted by doctors using brain scans and where there was an expectation by the patient that the condition would improve there was a marked increase in biological changes to the brain. Hence the biological stimulation of the brain is strongly linked to the potency of placebos. People who have been suffering postoperative pain have reported considerable improvement in pain reduction after a simple saline injection. These analgesic effects suggests suggest some form of reception by the brain; this has been referred to as activation of the endogenous pain-relief system of the brain (Connors W 2007). The brain itself manufactures morphine like substances called endorphins the brain can trigger or send these to those parts of the body experiencing pain. Hence placebos may be able to stimulate this part of the brain in order to enhance that stimulation process . Placebo affects are not limited purely too chemical or drug treatments, they have also been included in both surgery and physiological therapies. A summary of the many literature works on placebos leads towards a number of preliminary conclusions:- [1] A significant number of patient show a therapeutic response from the administration of a placebo [2] There seems to be no uniform practice that sets itself out as a prescribed means of treatment in this area [ 3] It appears that any object with therapeutic intent can invoke similar circumstances [4] The mechanism of the effects remains relatively unknown and the conditions in which it operates are unclear. (Wickramsehera 1988) CONCLUSIONS The advantage that supports the use of placebos are essentially threefold: [1] the mind over matter concept whereby the placebo acts as an assist to the bodys natural defence mechanism [2] the provision of a psychological boost or stimulus to the brain which may prove to be an important contribution to the overall recovery of the patient [3] A support to the central concept of belief which is known to be a major contributing factor towards recovery. The main disadvantages might be summarised as [1] In the area of chronic pain the patient may show an immediate spontaneous improvement and as such give cause to a false diagnosis of the problem [2] The element of deception may provide the patient with false hope or expectations and give rise to medical ethical considerations [3] The patient may provide the Doctor with erroneous information believing that the placebo has resolved the problem. This loses valuable time in the determination of the correct prognosis and could prove serious in certain cases. There is also the strong argument that placebos can become habit forming. One example being the use of valium for strong headaches. These may essentially provide temporary relief but they are certainly not an ongoing solution. It is the unsettling notion that people are getting medical treatment from unqualified practitioners. The concept of non-medically trained people prescribing any form of placebo implies that the patient is ill and as such this can be a powerful message to the patient. The action of medication is not just controlled by the drug companies as the pharmaceutical companies have to undergo extensive clinical trials before they can release a product to the market place. A lot of the controversy with the applied use of placebos is around the use of these in clinical trials. Many consider that the use of these is unethical but it raises the question as to whether the trials could be successful without them Arguments against the use of placebo groups in clinical trials have been based on opinion rather than evidence. Ethical issues have been raised, but these are contentious. (Martin Tramer 1998). The ethical consideration will continue to be debated in the medical profession but the continued use in clinical trials is likely to proceed at least for the foreseeable future In clinical settings where no gold standard treatment exists and where event rates vary widely, trial designs without placebo controls are unlikely to yield sensible results (Martin Tramer 1998). The concept of Doctors saying the placebo is a nuisance variable has equally been contested by the medical profession There has been sharp disagreement on this point, due to the fact that medical literature includes a great deal of testimony that the placebo effect routinely works 30 percent of the time, with Dr. Herbert Benson of Harvard stating that it may work up to 90 percent of the time. (World Research Foundation 2011). 2015